分销密钥作为谁批准首次疟疾疫苗

[内罗毕]世界卫生组织提出的关于第一个的广泛部署的建议疟疾vaccine among children in Sub-Saharan Africa has been widely celebrated, but scientists warn it could face hurdles in its acquisition and distribution by endemic countries.

周三，世卫组织建议广泛使用RTS，S疫苗childrenin Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions with moderate to high malaria transmission. The vaccine acts against the deadliest malaria transmission parasite,P. falciparum,这在非洲很普遍。

But Simon Kariuki, chiefresearchofficer at the Kenya Medical Research Institute which was involved in trials of the vaccine, said that the big hurdles now would be融资mechanisms for malaria-endemic countries to acquire the necessary doses and distribution across those countries.

“ [世卫组织的建议]为大陆提供了一线希望，该大陆承受着疾病最重的负担，我们希望更多的非洲儿童免受疟疾的保护，并成长为健康的成年人。”

非洲地区总监Matshidiso Moeti

“Researchers have done their part. It is now upongovernmentsto quickly review their malaria control programmes to adopt the vaccine,” said Kariuki.

The vaccine has been developed by pharmaceutical giant GSK which has said it will supply doses at manufacturing cost plus five per cent, but has not detailed how much this is.

According to the latestWorld Malaria Report, there were an estimated 229 million cases of malaria globally in 2019, with the WHO African region accounting for 94 per cent of all cases and deaths.

A child under five years old dies of malaria every two minutes, according toUNICEFestimates, while WHO says that malaria is responsible for 260,000 deaths each year in children under five in Africa.

非洲区域总监Matshidiso Moeti表示，这一建议标志着非洲长期等待有效疟疾疫苗的里程碑。她补充说，它“为大陆提供了一线希望，这避开了该疾病的最重负担，我们希望更多的非洲儿童免受疟疾的保护，并成长为健康的成年人。”

WHO建议由总干事Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus宣布，源于加纳，肯尼亚和马拉维正在进行的疟疾疫苗试点计划的结果，该计划始于2019年，已达到近80万儿童。

Ghebreyesus表示，将其描述为“历史性的时刻”，说该疫苗将增加预防疟疾的股权，具有成本效益，可以帮助无法获得现有的预防措施（例如床网）。

但是，其他干预措施仍然至关重要，卫生专家强调，由于该疫苗在减少严重疟疾病例方面只有30％的效果。

伦敦卫生和热带医学学院临床热带医学教授布莱恩·格林伍德（Brian Greenwood）在疫苗研究中发挥了关键作用。，尤其是在与其他干预措施（例如季节性疟疾化学预防和床网）结合使用时”。

马拉维大学疟疾警报中心主任唐·马加加（Don Mathanga）说：“疫苗是该地区的可喜干预措施，在该地区，疟疾的下降已经下降，在马拉维等国家中，该病例正在上升。这种疫苗将减少该地区疟疾的破坏性影响，并支持其经济增长。”

However, Mathanga cautioned that the speed of deployment will depend on how quickly countries adopt the vaccine and the availability of resources to support its rollout.

Kariuki urged Sub-Saharan countries to initiatenegotiations与世界卫生组织访问疫苗一旦possible.

“It’s a golden opportunity for countries to have this vaccine as mosquitoes are increasingly becoming insecticide-resistant and could render bed nets ineffective leading to a rise in malaria cases,” he added.

Kariuki, who is also head of the malaria research programme at the Centre for Global Health Research, in Kisumu, Kenya, said that countries such as Kenya had the capacity to store the vaccines and could easily scale up their distribution.

卡里基说，临床试验的第三阶段表明，该疫苗在预防五到17个月之间的儿童疟疾方面有效50％。该疫苗在这些年龄之间以三剂为例，大约18个月后的第四剂。

四剂治疗方案引起了人们对可能有限的卫生设施的特有国家的吸收的担忧。然而，卡里基说，飞行员国家的吸收很有希望，他预计不会更广泛地管理必要剂量的挑战。

这件作品由Scidev.net的撒哈拉以南非洲英语桌子制作。