04/01/21
Degradation of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest laid bare
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Degradation of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest laid bare
By: Washington Castilhos
The alarming rate of felling of the world’s tropical forests and resulting biodiversity loss is well documented. But much less is known about the forest fragments left behind when deforestation has occurred.
Now, a study of the Atlantic Forest, an ecosystem rich with endemic species of plants and animals and home to about a third of the South American population, seeks to shed light on the state of these remaining forest areas.
更多的accessible to humans, these fragments are vulnerable to wildfires, logging, hunting and biological invasions, says the研究发表在Nature Communications。
“应当指出的是，大西洋森林的地方性水平等于或大于亚马逊的地方，但对其在生物多样性中的丰富性，几乎没有说明”
马科斯·佩德洛夫斯基（Marcos Pedlowski），State University of North Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro
The Atlantic Forest once covered the entire length of Brazil’s coastline as well as parts of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Today, it survives only in bits.
人类对这些森林残留物的影响已经导致森林中发现的多种物种的42％的损失以及碳库存的主要损失，这是保护生命和气候调节的基本要素。。
The Atlantic Forest contains a huge variety of tree types and unique vegetation, including the pau brasil, the national tree of Brazil, which gave the country its name.
研究人员分析了1,819次调查，这些调查考虑了气候，土壤，森林降解水平和剩余森林的大小。他们确定，平均而言，森林碎片的生物量降低了25-32％（根，树干，叶子和树枝）。较少的物种少23-31％，流行物种少33％。
This is equivalent to the loss of up to 70,000 square kilometres of forests or as much as US$2.6 billion in carbon credits, the study concluded.
Lead author Renato Lima, a researcher at the Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo, says these figures have direct implications for climate change mitigation, an important element of which is fighting forest degradation.
But, the researchers say that “quantifying the impacts of forest degradation is hard and has therefore received less attention than deforestation in the climate change and conservation agendas, such as the Paris Agreement”.
当森林内部的干扰积累（例如燃烧，伐木和侵入性物种的增殖）改变整个生态系统和森林功能时，就会发生降解。
科学家警告说，热带森林的命运不仅取决于促进森林砍伐的土地的森林造林，而且还取决于减轻其余森林碎片中的森林退化。
预测Joint Research Center— the European Commission’s science and knowledge service — suggest that if the current rates of disturbances continue, pristine tropical forests will be wiped out by 2050.
According to these projections, some of Sub-Saharan Africa’s untouched forests will disappear between 2024 and 2090; 2034 may be the year of the disappearance of those located in Thailand or Vietnam; by 2040, they will be gone from Madagascar and India, and by 2129 from Brazil’s Amazon.
欧盟联合研究中心的这张地图显示了全球森林消失的预测年，基于过去十年中观察到的干扰。
Looking ahead to the upcoming COP15 — the UN Convention on Biological Diversity meeting tentatively planned for2021年5月在Kunming, China — researchers from 12 countriesmapped2.9 billion hectares of different types of degraded ecosystems and divided them on a scale from highest to lowest priority.
On this scale, the Atlantic Forest is among the areas of highest global priority while, in aseparate study, it appears in the top ten per cent of conservation “hotspots” needing restoration.
For Marcos Pedlowski, a geographer at the State University of North Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, who did not take part in the study, believes the study’s focus on the Atlantic Forest is important.
“Most recent efforts take into account the deforestation of the Amazon, disregarding all other biomes and the problem of degradation. It should be noted that the Atlantic Forest has an endemic level equal to or greater than that of the Amazon, but little is said about its richness in biodiversity,” he said.
在大西洋森林森林砍伐的这种鸟瞰图中，可见，但是测量它要困难得多。图片来源：Cnes – Spot Image/Wikimedia Commons(Creative Commons 3.0).
The geographer, whose最近的研究引起人们对亚马逊降解率的关注，并补充说，碎片的干扰越少，它可以提供的环境服务越多。beplay足球体育的微博
“除了成为一个多样化的生态系统外，大西洋森林还位于巴西最大的城市浓度，水是这些城市中心的重要因素。我们一直在经历严重的水危机，而水产生是保存森林可以提供的环境服务之一。” Pedlowski补充说。beplay足球体育的微博
According to the study, fighting forest degradation in what remains of the Atlantic Forest can attract billions of dollars in investments related to carbon credits.
利马补充说，由于大多数碎片都位于私人财产上，因此为土地所有者创建有吸引力的替代品是必不可少的。
“Forest restoration has its costs, but it can bring profits in the carbon credits market. Policymaking could be the key to attracting funds to the Atlantic Forest,” he added.
In Brazil, funds to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation are mainly concentrated on the Amazon, and currently only the State of Rio de Janeiro has a基金对于大西洋森林。
The study is supported by FAPESP, a SciDev.Net donor
This article was produced by SciDev.Net’s Latin America & Caribbean desk and edited for clarity.
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The alarming rate of felling of the world’s tropical forests and resulting biodiversity loss is well documented. But much less is known about the forest fragments left behind when deforestation has occurred.
Now, a study of the Atlantic Forest, an ecosystem rich with endemic species of plants and animals and home to about a third of the South American population, seeks to shed light on the state of these remaining forest areas.
更多的accessible to humans, these fragments are vulnerable to wildfires, logging, hunting and biological invasions, says the研究发表在Nature Communications。
“应当指出的是，大西洋森林的地方性水平等于或大于亚马逊的地方，但对其在生物多样性中的丰富性，几乎没有说明”
马科斯·佩德洛夫斯基（Marcos Pedlowski），State University of North Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro
The Atlantic Forest once covered the entire length of Brazil’s coastline as well as parts of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Today, it survives only in bits.
人类对这些森林残留物的影响已经导致森林中发现的多种物种的42％的损失以及碳库存的主要损失，这是保护生命和气候调节的基本要素。。
The Atlantic Forest contains a huge variety of tree types and unique vegetation, including the pau brasil, the national tree of Brazil, which gave the country its name.
研究人员分析了1,819次调查，这些调查考虑了气候，土壤，森林降解水平和剩余森林的大小。他们确定，平均而言，森林碎片的生物量降低了25-32％（根，树干，叶子和树枝）。较少的物种少23-31％，流行物种少33％。
This is equivalent to the loss of up to 70,000 square kilometres of forests or as much as US$2.6 billion in carbon credits, the study concluded.
Lead author Renato Lima, a researcher at the Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo, says these figures have direct implications for climate change mitigation, an important element of which is fighting forest degradation.
But, the researchers say that “quantifying the impacts of forest degradation is hard and has therefore received less attention than deforestation in the climate change and conservation agendas, such as the Paris Agreement”.
当森林内部的干扰积累（例如燃烧，伐木和侵入性物种的增殖）改变整个生态系统和森林功能时，就会发生降解。
科学家警告说，热带森林的命运不仅取决于促进森林砍伐的土地的森林造林，而且还取决于减轻其余森林碎片中的森林退化。
预测Joint Research Center— the European Commission’s science and knowledge service — suggest that if the current rates of disturbances continue, pristine tropical forests will be wiped out by 2050.
According to these projections, some of Sub-Saharan Africa’s untouched forests will disappear between 2024 and 2090; 2034 may be the year of the disappearance of those located in Thailand or Vietnam; by 2040, they will be gone from Madagascar and India, and by 2129 from Brazil’s Amazon.
欧盟联合研究中心的这张地图显示了全球森林消失的预测年，基于过去十年中观察到的干扰。
Looking ahead to the upcoming COP15 — the UN Convention on Biological Diversity meeting tentatively planned for2021年5月在Kunming, China — researchers from 12 countriesmapped2.9 billion hectares of different types of degraded ecosystems and divided them on a scale from highest to lowest priority.
On this scale, the Atlantic Forest is among the areas of highest global priority while, in aseparate study, it appears in the top ten per cent of conservation “hotspots” needing restoration.
For Marcos Pedlowski, a geographer at the State University of North Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, who did not take part in the study, believes the study’s focus on the Atlantic Forest is important.
“Most recent efforts take into account the deforestation of the Amazon, disregarding all other biomes and the problem of degradation. It should be noted that the Atlantic Forest has an endemic level equal to or greater than that of the Amazon, but little is said about its richness in biodiversity,” he said.
在大西洋森林森林砍伐的这种鸟瞰图中，可见，但是测量它要困难得多。图片来源：Cnes – Spot Image/Wikimedia Commons(Creative Commons 3.0).
The geographer, whose最近的研究引起人们对亚马逊降解率的关注，并补充说，碎片的干扰越少，它可以提供的环境服务越多。beplay足球体育的微博
“除了成为一个多样化的生态系统外，大西洋森林还位于巴西最大的城市浓度，水是这些城市中心的重要因素。我们一直在经历严重的水危机，而水产生是保存森林可以提供的环境服务之一。” Pedlowski补充说。beplay足球体育的微博
According to the study, fighting forest degradation in what remains of the Atlantic Forest can attract billions of dollars in investments related to carbon credits.
利马补充说，由于大多数碎片都位于私人财产上，因此为土地所有者创建有吸引力的替代品是必不可少的。
“Forest restoration has its costs, but it can bring profits in the carbon credits market. Policymaking could be the key to attracting funds to the Atlantic Forest,” he added.
In Brazil, funds to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation are mainly concentrated on the Amazon, and currently only the State of Rio de Janeiro has a基金对于大西洋森林。
The study is supported by FAPESP, a SciDev.Net donor
This article was produced by SciDev.Net’s Latin America & Caribbean desk and edited for clarity.
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