23/03/22
We must fix food systems to tackle climate change
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We must fix food systems to tackle climate change
By: Haseeb Bakhtary
Food and climate change are often treated as separate issues, but conservative estimates suggest that changing the way we produce and consume food could reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by at least 10.3 billion tonnes a year – 20 per cent of the cut needed by 2050 to prevent catastrophic climate change.
This is a golden opportunity for governments looking to meet commitments made as part of the UN climate change talks, and yet our new analysis reveals that food systems are generally poorly integrated into national climate plans, and obvious emissions savings measures are being missed.
Working with the全球食品未来联盟，我们分析了14个国家以及欧盟的全国确定的贡献（NDC）。这些是向联合国提交的计划，该计划表明了各国打算打算减少的目标。
“我们的新分析表明，粮食系统通常融入了国家气候计划中，并且错过了明显的排放措施。”
Haseeb Bakhtary, senior consultant, Climate Focus
The climate plans are submitted every five years, although at the end of the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow last year countries agreed to try to update them more quickly, recognising the urgency of more ambitious action.
The NDCs we looked at in detail were those from Bangladesh, Canada, China, Colombia, Egypt, France, Germany, Spain, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, the UK, the US, and Vanuatu.
We found that none of them included specific measures on changing diets, even though this has the potential to reduce emissions by nearly a billion tonnes a year, as well as provide associated health and other environmental benefits.
只有法国和德国measures to promote sustainable and healthy diets among consumers. China includes a target to promote ‘green and low-carbon lifestyles’, but its NDC does not clarify whether this includes sustainable and healthy diets.
Similarly, none of the countries we studied fully account for emissions from food imports, particularly those linked to deforestation and the destruction of ecosystems. Countries pledged at COP26 to end and reverse deforestation by 2030. This will require new measures in NDCs to address how food production and trade drives this problem.
在我们研究的大多数NDC中，另一个明显的差距是减少粮食损失和浪费的措施。每年，世界上生产的所有食品中有三分之一（约13亿吨）每年都丢失或浪费。但是，大多数国家没有任何解决此问题的措施。
Gender is another oversight in many of the climate plans. Globally, women play a central role in food value chains, so any efforts to meaningfully reform our food systems to reduce emissions and build resilience must engage them.
Vanuatu, Canada, Kenya and Senegal made efforts to ensure their NDCs are gender-inclusive. In contrast, the UK only includes a general reference to “gender equality” and China and the US fail to specifically mention women as a key stakeholder group.
Of the countries we looked at, Colombia, Senegal, and Kenya have the most ambitious measures in place to promote more sustainable, locally-led agriculture, which is less emissions intensive.
实际上，总体而言，肯尼亚和哥伦比亚的NDC在他们认识的程度上得分最高，并采取措施解决粮食系统在驱动排放中的关键作用。这两个国家在通过NDC过程中考虑食品系统时，相对更加透明，参与性，公平和整体。
Senegal is an interesting case. As the chair of the Least Developed Countries Group at the UN climate negotiations, and the holder of the presidency of the African Union, it has an influential role to play.
在该国，粮食和农业部门尤其beplay下载官网西西软件重要，其中只有一半以上的人口（52％）在农业中。
Senegal’s NDC contains some ambitious targets and measures relating to food systems that make important connections between climate action and food production and distribution.
However, there are gaps that, if addressed in the next NDC, could help deliver benefits across a number of policy priorities, such as food security and nutrition. These include promoting more regenerative practices – such as small-scale irrigation and post-harvest equipment – and addressing food waste.
Overall, the research we did was eye-opening in the way it revealed the myriad opportunities for governments to use food system reform not just to drive down emissions, but to realise a range of other benefits, such as improved population health, sustainable job creation, and wider environmental benefits such as cleaner air, water and healthier soils.
The reportprovides a toolkit for governments and those supporting their climate policy agenda to take steps to better integrate food systems reform into their NDCs, and gain the significant dividends of doing so.
Haseeb Bakhtary is a senior consultant at the international advisory company and think tank Climate Focus and co-author of the report by the全球食品未来联盟。
This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Global desk.
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Food and climate change are often treated as separate issues, but conservative estimates suggest that changing the way we produce and consume food could reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by at least 10.3 billion tonnes a year – 20 per cent of the cut needed by 2050 to prevent catastrophic climate change.
This is a golden opportunity for governments looking to meet commitments made as part of the UN climate change talks, and yet our new analysis reveals that food systems are generally poorly integrated into national climate plans, and obvious emissions savings measures are being missed.
Working with the全球食品未来联盟，我们分析了14个国家以及欧盟的全国确定的贡献（NDC）。这些是向联合国提交的计划，该计划表明了各国打算打算减少的目标。
“我们的新分析表明，粮食系统通常融入了国家气候计划中，并且错过了明显的排放措施。”
Haseeb Bakhtary, senior consultant, Climate Focus
The climate plans are submitted every five years, although at the end of the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow last year countries agreed to try to update them more quickly, recognising the urgency of more ambitious action.
The NDCs we looked at in detail were those from Bangladesh, Canada, China, Colombia, Egypt, France, Germany, Spain, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, the UK, the US, and Vanuatu.
We found that none of them included specific measures on changing diets, even though this has the potential to reduce emissions by nearly a billion tonnes a year, as well as provide associated health and other environmental benefits.
只有法国和德国measures to promote sustainable and healthy diets among consumers. China includes a target to promote ‘green and low-carbon lifestyles’, but its NDC does not clarify whether this includes sustainable and healthy diets.
Similarly, none of the countries we studied fully account for emissions from food imports, particularly those linked to deforestation and the destruction of ecosystems. Countries pledged at COP26 to end and reverse deforestation by 2030. This will require new measures in NDCs to address how food production and trade drives this problem.
在我们研究的大多数NDC中，另一个明显的差距是减少粮食损失和浪费的措施。每年，世界上生产的所有食品中有三分之一（约13亿吨）每年都丢失或浪费。但是，大多数国家没有任何解决此问题的措施。
Gender is another oversight in many of the climate plans. Globally, women play a central role in food value chains, so any efforts to meaningfully reform our food systems to reduce emissions and build resilience must engage them.
Vanuatu, Canada, Kenya and Senegal made efforts to ensure their NDCs are gender-inclusive. In contrast, the UK only includes a general reference to “gender equality” and China and the US fail to specifically mention women as a key stakeholder group.
Of the countries we looked at, Colombia, Senegal, and Kenya have the most ambitious measures in place to promote more sustainable, locally-led agriculture, which is less emissions intensive.
实际上，总体而言，肯尼亚和哥伦比亚的NDC在他们认识的程度上得分最高，并采取措施解决粮食系统在驱动排放中的关键作用。这两个国家在通过NDC过程中考虑食品系统时，相对更加透明，参与性，公平和整体。
Senegal is an interesting case. As the chair of the Least Developed Countries Group at the UN climate negotiations, and the holder of the presidency of the African Union, it has an influential role to play.
在该国，粮食和农业部门尤其beplay下载官网西西软件重要，其中只有一半以上的人口（52％）在农业中。
Senegal’s NDC contains some ambitious targets and measures relating to food systems that make important connections between climate action and food production and distribution.
However, there are gaps that, if addressed in the next NDC, could help deliver benefits across a number of policy priorities, such as food security and nutrition. These include promoting more regenerative practices – such as small-scale irrigation and post-harvest equipment – and addressing food waste.
Overall, the research we did was eye-opening in the way it revealed the myriad opportunities for governments to use food system reform not just to drive down emissions, but to realise a range of other benefits, such as improved population health, sustainable job creation, and wider environmental benefits such as cleaner air, water and healthier soils.
The reportprovides a toolkit for governments and those supporting their climate policy agenda to take steps to better integrate food systems reform into their NDCs, and gain the significant dividends of doing so.
Haseeb Bakhtary is a senior consultant at the international advisory company and think tank Climate Focus and co-author of the report by the全球食品未来联盟。
This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Global desk.
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