30/10/20

Restoring converted lands key to combatting extinction, climate change

森林修复 - 主要
一名男子在印度尼西亚卡利曼丹中部的泥炭沼泽森林中补充树木。广泛的生态系统修复被视为保护生物多样性的关键。版权:世界资源研究所(CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)

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  • 恢复世界转换的一小部分可以节省物种,反向变暖
  • 森林和湿地带来了最高的气候和生物多样性福利
  • 在生态系统恢复必不可少的每个目标区域中的国家之间的合作

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一项新研究说,最好通过确定行动可以具有成本效益的关键区域来制作[马尼拉]停止或逆转二氧化碳和其他温暖的温室气体排放的影响。

根据study, published this month (October) in自然, restoring a select 15 per cent of the world’s converted or degraded lands could avoid 60 per cent of expected extinctions while sequestering 299 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide or the equivalent of 30 per cent of the total carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution.

Restoring 30 per cent of the world’s degraded lands to their natural state could rescue more than 70 per cent of land-based mammals, amphibians and birds under threat of dying out while soaking up more than 465 billion tons of carbon dioxide.

“在实践中实现恢复需要国家之间的合作才能分享恢复的成本”

霍桑·拜耶(Hawthorne Beyer), University of Queensland

Most of the priority areas identified are in developing countries and tropical regions, specifically South-East Asia, South Asia, Central and South America as well as West and Central Africa.

“这研究对于在国际政策层面上告知战略决策特别有用,”霍桑·拜耶(Hawthorne Beyer),一个研究员University of Queensland在澳大利亚和研究的合着者告诉scidev.net

“但是,在实践中实现恢复需要cooperationamong countries to share the costs of restoration, and the development of national and regional programs that encourage land owners to participate in restoration activities and that compensate them for lost revenue — an idea known as 'payment for ecosystem services.’”

为了帮助确定优先领域,研究人员分析了全球28.7亿公顷的生态系统,这些生态系统已在1992年至2015年之间转换为农田。然后,他们根据三个主要动机评估了土地 - 通过增加栖息地的区域来降低灭绝风险气体和减少对农业由于生态系统恢复而产生的生产。

“Not every natural ecosystem will be optimal for climate and生物多样性,甚至更少的领域对既有利益都很好,也不是同时农业生产。”里约热内卢教义天主教大学,巴西和研究的合着者告诉scidev.net

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Further complicating the challenge of identifying priority areas is that “restoration must not impact食品生产in the context of a growing global population over the coming decades”, says Beyer.

在考虑了各种成本和利益之后,研究人员发现恢复森林and wetlands delivers the highest climate and biodiversity benefits while restoring grasslands and arid ecosystems costs the least.

加勒比海转变的土地中有96%位于生物多样性的全球优先事项的前15%。同时,恢复南美和非洲的灌木丛为其独特的生物多样性带来了重要的好处。

拜尔在向记者讲义时说:“总体而言,协调不同类型生态系统的恢复工作将带来最大的总体好处。”

道格拉斯·莫尼(Douglas Muchoney),负责人FAO的地球空间单位告诉scidev.net, that the study is informative and一个起点,以便在当地的生态学上有更多的本地了解”。但是他强调,为了有效地解决生态系统恢复,尤其是在与全球挑战有关的情况下,包括SDGs一般而言,科学家需要将生态系统视为一种抽象,而更像是具有独特风景的真实地方,以及所有需要的复杂性。

我们必须预料昆虫,病原体和人和政策,” he adds.

这件作品由Scidev.net的亚太桌子制作。