增强基因测试以解决非洲的乳腺癌

[CAPE TOWN] Genetic testing of breast cancer can help tackle the疾病in Nigeria where patients at increased risk indicated low family history, a学习suggests.

该研究发现，尽管只有6％的患者表明乳腺癌家族史，但两个人类基因BRCA1和BRCA2的显着突变与乳腺癌有关。

根据美国国家癌症研究所的数据，有害有害的BRC1和BRC2的女性中，约有72％和69％的妇女可以发展乳腺癌，而普通人群中只有12％的妇女。每个孩子都有50％的遗传突变的机会。

“这是在非洲国家进行深入研究以揭示乳腺癌根本原因的第一个基因组分析”

Olufunmilayo Olopade, University of Chicago.

The study examined cases of 1,136 women with invasive breast cancer and 997 women who did not have the disease between March 1998 and 2014 in Ibadan, Nigeria.Researchers旨在通过使用一种称为genomic sequencing。

Among all patients with breast cancer, almost 15 per cent carried harmful mutation in a breast cancer gene whereas among those without the disease, less than two per cent carried such a mutation, said the study, which was published in theJournal of Clinical Oncologylast month (21 August).

According to the researchers, “genomic sequencing to identify women at extremely high risk of breast cancer could be a highly创新的approach to tailored risk management and life-saving interventions”.

他们的建议符合全球卫生计划中的WHO人类基因组学以及2015年至2030年的联合国可持续发展目标。这也是一项措施，可能会影响非洲的癌症率上升。

芝加哥大学临床癌症遗传学与全球健康中心主任Olufunmilayo Olopade说：“这是在非洲国家进行深入研究的首次基因组分析。”。“这应该刺激非洲国家通过使用在非洲大陆上获得的科学来思考他们可以采取的措施来解决新兴的癌症流行。基因测试和分析越来越容易获得，使每个非洲国家都能投资基因组technologies。”

尼日利亚伊巴丹大学的研究合着者兼血液学教授Adeyinka Falusi在芝加哥大学上个月（8月21日）的一份声明中补充说：小壮举，但尽管有资源限制，我们还是完成了工作。”

According to Falusi, the lessons could be transferred to low-resource settings in other African countries.

但是南非癌症协会研究主管梅利莎·华莱士（Melissa Wallace）告诉SciDev.Net基因组测序的成本“必须权衡乳腺癌治疗的成本，如果家庭成员能够尽早确定其风险，则可以避免”。

Wallace says that focus should also be on getting women tested. “What is important is to find effective ways of identifying women most likely to carry an inherited mutation so that they can be tested,” she tellsSciDev.Net。

例如,在南非,她recen说tly updated breast cancer prevention and controlpolicy仅允许对家族史符合转诊标准的妇女进行基因检测。

Noting the low per cent of patients with a family history of breast cancer identified in the study, Wallace says that examining family history alone is not enough. “Other risk factors such as age at diagnosis need to be identified,” she explains.

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Sub-Saharan Africa English desk.