30/07/21

问答:针对Covid进行基因组测序需要全球

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Copyright: The Rockefeller Foundation.

速度阅读

  • Consortia in India and Sub-Saharan Africa seek to expand genomic surveillance
  • Initial focus on informing response to COVID-19 variants of concern
  • Longer-term goal of sustaining local capabilities to mitigate future pandemics

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Access to fast, accurate genomic sequencing information is key to ending the COVID-19 pandemic, says Manisha Bhinge, managing director of programmes for the Rockefeller Foundation’s Health Initiative. Yet only 14 countries, all with developed economies, are sequencing at least five per cent of their cases and sharing them through a global database.

As the first step in the development of its new pandemic prevention institute, the New York-based foundation is seeking to strengthen global capacity to sequence and share genomic information on COVID-19 and other data rapidly.

Bhinge toldSciDev.Netthis new “global architecture” would go on to provide information needed to “see the signals, speed up the response, and contain the spread of pathogens of pandemic potential”.

为什么我们需要一个新的大流行预防研究所?

If you look at this time last year, our biggest challenge with was information: quality information, timely information, and information that we could trust. There was a cascade of failures based on that in terms of strategically containing outbreaks, epidemics and what turned into a pandemic.

我们要庆祝我们所做的实现方面of rapidly having tests and diagnostics [for COVID-19] ready and available, and having vaccines ready within a year.

However, the fact remains that if you asked most stakeholders three fundamental questions – ‘What is it?’, ‘Where is it?’ and ‘How is it moving and spreading?’ – there were gaps and the world was flying blind at a time of greatest need and uncertainty. We don’t want that to happen again.

“如果您去年这个时候,我们最大的挑战是信息:质量信息,及时的信息和我们可以信任的信息。”

Manisha Bhinge, Rockefeller Foundation

What is the new institute doing?

Our effort is very much tied to the need for information and data. How do we use 21st世纪的方法 - 从分子生物学和基因组学以及数据分析中出现的技术,以指导和提升暴发的发现,以至于我们可以防止流行病和大流行病,并以非常加速的方式理解遏制和传播?

这非常广泛,而且很广泛,因为建筑仍在不断发展。我们需要与领先的全球卫生机构和私营部门的国家网络合作进行此操作。

洛克菲勒基金会健康计划的计划董事总经理Manisha Bhinge。

洛克菲勒基金会健康计划的计划董事总经理Manisha Bhinge。图片来源:洛克菲勒基金会。

What does that mean on the ground?

Very tactically, what we are trying to do in the here and now is build sequencing and bioinformatics capacity within countries. For example, Stellenbosch University in South Africa is working with universities in Nigeria and Uganda to strengthen the workforce through fellowship programmes, provide strategic sampling models for procuring samples from adjacent countries and provide that sequencing capacity for a region.

同样,在印度,我们在全国各地有一个由四个合作伙伴组成的联盟,这些联盟提供了抽样策略,以增加该国内部的代表性和深度,以使我们更加详细地了解有关关注的变体的更及时,更详细,颗粒状和准确的见解。

How will approaches vary with context?

We don’t know till we know is the short answer. While the science may not change in its technical sense, the processes will need to.

We need to right-size the systems for what is sustainable – the workforce, the instrumentation, the access to consumables – we need to right-size based on regional contexts because what works for the US is not going to necessarily work for Sub-Saharan Africa and the processes therefore need to change.

Is there a regional approach to sequencing [for example]? What is the governance element of that? How does sampling take place, what about transportation? A lot of these transactional elements need to be addressed to make the system work.

Also, the bias in the data needs to be addressed. What are the sampling strategies that will ensure representation within populations and demographics?

数据中的偏见是什么意思?

It’s the metadata that is more powerful than the pure sequencing data. That’s where the representation across populations, across demographics, and across socioeconomic and epidemiological dimensions becomes very critical, and that’s where we run into challenges of being complete and comprehensive.

CABI & COVID

The metadata allows for prioritisation of limited resources, which is what we saw in the vaccine rollout. Deciding which group of people needs the vaccine first, for example, requires an understanding of where there is inherent risk within a population and that’s when metadata is incredibly useful.

How specific are your efforts to COVID-19?

In the global health world, there are a lot of challenges, so attention tends to be diverted occasionally. Right now, the attention is on COVID. It’s on variants of concern and the energy of global stakeholders is to bring this pandemic to an end.

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我们倾向于这种能量,这种势头,建立基础设施,劳动力和可持续性结构,用于长期基因组监测。在现在和现在,我们正在建立互联的建立,尤其是关注的变体,但是我们想要开发的结构和基础设施将与多种病原体的长期监视有关,这些病原体也是当前也是如此。作为其他新兴的人。

这件作品由Scidev.net的全球桌子生产。

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