问答：在太空的帮助下从战争中恢复

Since the launch of Sputnik 1, satellites have been used to examine our planet from the unique vantage of space. From big scientific finds such as the ozone hole, to daily weather forecasts, space technology has transformed our understanding of Earth’s natural processes.

Images also track humanity’s transformation of landscapes: growing cities, altered waterways and effects of conflict. Improvements in optical and sensing technology, paired with artificial intelligence, mean that today’s satellites are already being leveraged to improve the lives and livelihoods of billions around the world.

In fact, satellite imagery is being used toadvancemany of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), says伯特兰·布罗特, information management specialist with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). A 2016试点计划meto monitor war reconstruction efforts in the ancient city of Timbuktu, Mali, had one clear lesson, according to Frot: “Satellite data is easy. Everything is so visible.”

马里的工作是如何告知开发计划署决定对卫星图像进行灾难响应，重建和发展的决定的？

One image is worth 100 pages of a report from the ground.

Access to some areas was still difficult — roads were blown out by landmines in many areas. You can see the environmental impact in each of the images — which rivers touch Timbuktu, the progress of reconstruction of buildings and infrastructure, the evolution of the size of the markets. You could also see what was still destroyed.

And in other areas that have been affected by war, we’ve begun to train people on restoring their agriculture and how wars impact the environment. In Iraq, many trees were destroyed, since shooters could hide behind them. So now winds can carry sand more easily from south to north, and it has really changed city landscapes and agriculture. Analysis of historic and current satellite data can show us where to target recuperation efforts, or build new infrastructure to protect crops, or the best areas to develop new croplands.

是否有其他可持续发展可靠，可以从更大的空间技术或AI数据处理中受益？

Poverty is the main one. Towards zero hunger, satellite data is being used to evaluate droughts and agricultural yields. Economic growth — the evolution of cities and poverty within cities, as well as how industry and infrastructure are evolving in those places — this is directly related to the SDG to reduce inequality: images can be used to evaluate the evolution of rural and urbanized areas, where in many cases the slums are really visible.

气候行动，最肯定。这Space Climate Observatoryprovides open-source data and allows for large international studies of the impacts of climate change on a global scale.

One area your office says satellite imagery can help with is getting resources to those who need it most. How does that actually work?

We’ve used this type of analysis in cities like Casablanca, Cairo, Djibouti and in Nigeria. It helps with the planning and evolution of public services.

In Nigeria, we were able to correlate the evolution of some cities with interviews done with migrants who had arrived in Europe from these areas. And then we could take that information to the local Nigerian authorities and say: your area is a large source of migration. Which can help them plan the extensions of their cities and its services more effectively.

您的办公室还在印度尼西亚工作，探索洪水及其对水稻种植的影响。How does this knowledge translate into action for farmers?

这与气候变化的影响有关。在某些地区，一年中的降雨较少，但是比以前更频繁地淹没河流的降雨事件。在这里，卫星数据有助于了解洪水对供应链的影响。如果孤岛和仓库位于洪水区域，或者其通行道路被淹没，那么米饭就无法移动。因此，这些数据有助于重新定位道路和桥梁，或定位保护农作物的结构。

在肯尼亚，有些地区经常被洪水淹没，在某些地区，可以建造新的道路，以防止洪水防止洪水。图像有助于评估这些障碍是否有效。

是否有任何环境项目从高分辨率beplay足球体育的微博的卫星数据中受益？

在南美，我们在某些国家工作森林砍伐，以监视初级和次要森林。这个想法是通过回到更完整的景观来更好地保护生物多样性。

In Uganda, wetland restoration efforts are being monitored with satellites, as well as the water quality changes that result, and correlating those changes with livelihood indicators. That project has impacted more than 4 million people, and part of it is moving farmers away from damaging crops.

Is there a danger of overpromising on what satellite data can deliver?

这real stakes are in how to scale this up, and turn this into an industrial vision. We didn’t cover the planet with satellites for nothing. So here’s where artificial intelligence can really be leveraged: to help us evaluate under which conditions a solution has worked, and how, if we can meet those conditions in another place, we can replicate the same solution.

您对卫星技术和AI开发的AI的未来感到兴奋吗？

Beyond the AI算法这将使我们能够更迅速地扩展，对我来说非常酷的是产品非常明显。很容易拿走它，我可以将其应用于或那个。昨天的灾难可以告知如何监控风险以防止未来的灾难。或如何更好地康复。因此，有大量的用例延伸，这是非常雄伟的。

And it’s transparent. In a period where fake news is flying all around us, it’s good to have proof of progress to discuss with donors, partners and also with citizens, that they can clearly see what we’re doing on the ground.