专家敦促将视力放在全球健康的重点中

视力，生活质量，经济和发展都是如此相互联系，应将眼睛健康重新塑造为可持续发展议程的主流部分。

The report by 73 leading experts from 25 countries warns that without additional investment in global eye健康, 1.8 billion people may be living with vision impairment by 2050. Right now, there are deep inequalities both between and within countries, it says.

Matthew Burton, who led the Lancet Global Health Commission, said: “About 90 per cent – nine out of ten – of the 1.1 billion people globally who are living with vision impairment live in low- and middle-income countries. If you look at absolute numbers, they’re mostly in South Asia, East Asia and South-East Asia.”

“If a child can’t read the blackboard, they’re going to be held back in their learning and their ability to engage in school, and that has an enormous effect on their life trajectory in terms of their ability to progress in education and in employment and beyond,”

Matthew Burton, director, International Centre for Eye Health

该委员会发现，西撒哈拉以南非洲的影响也不成比例地受到影响，其失明率是2020年北美的九倍。

眼保健工作者的短缺被确定为发展中国家护理的主要障碍，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，每100万人口一名眼科医生，而高收入国家的平均每百万人口平均每百万。

“不平等的口袋”

伦敦卫生与热带地区伦敦国际眼保健中心主任伯顿补充说：“当您在低收入国家和中等收入国家中，疾病负担也有很大的差异。”药品。

“例如，在斯里兰卡和尼日利亚，近一半的白内障集中在一个非常特殊的群体中：居住在丧偶的农村地区的妇女。”

Evidence from the Commission shows that impaired vision disproportionately affects women, rural populations and ethnic minority groups. For every 100 men living with blindness or moderate to severe vision loss worldwide, there are an estimated 108 and 112 women affected, respectively.

该委员会的另一位作者认为，尼日利亚卡拉巴尔大学的汉娜·法尔（Hannah Faal）认为，通过分类数据来识别这些“不平等的口袋”至关重要。

她说：“我们必须按照个人，位置和情况来分类数据，并且必须将其内置在所有国家 /地区的持续信息收集系统中。”

The Commission found that enhancing eye health could help to achieve a range of the UN’s可持续发展目标, by contributing to improvements in性别equality,education，就业前景，工作生产率，家庭收入和经济生产力。

“What the Commission seeks to do is to slightly reframe the discourse of eye health as being not just a health issue, but actually something that speaks to many areas of sustainable development, many areas of life in general,” said Burton.

“Eye health clearly is a health and wellbeing issue, and we have mapped evidence on how it can affect quite different areas of health,” he said, citing the example of how dementia can be compounded by impaired vision, as well as links between severe vision impairment and risk of mortality.

“Beyond that, you can imagine the importance of eye health quite clearly in many other aspects of life,” added Burton. “If a child can’t read the blackboard, they’re going to be held back in their learning and their ability to engage in school, and that has an enormous effect on their life trajectory in terms of their ability to progress in education and in employment and beyond.”

Economic benefits

The report makes a range of recommendations forgovernments，包括使用远程医疗，移动健康和人工智能改善获得眼保健的机会。它突出了肯尼亚，教师正在使用智能手机诊断和参考视力丧失的学生。

这项研究基于去年世界卫生组织（WHO）的2019年世界愿景*报告，并进一步分析了良好的眼睛健康的经济利益。作者估计，应对可预防的视力损失可能每年带来4110亿美元的全球经济利益。

The Commission urges governments to include eye health in broader healthcare planning and financing.

“One of the problems we’ve had with eye health over the decades has been it’s often sat outside the mainstream of the health system,” said Burton. “The big nudge from the WHO in 2019, which the Commission is taking forward, is the argument that eye care really needs to be a part of universal health coverage. We think if that becomes a reality, many things will begin to improve, as activities are focused on reaching the people who are least well served.”

WHO的感官功能，残疾和康复部门的负责人Alarcos Cieza说：“如果我们解决眼疾病和视力障碍，那么所有与可持续发展目标的联系都以一种更自动的方式发生 - 在教育中发生的所有更广泛的影响在劳动中，减少道路交通事故等。……因此，学校里的孩子和工作人员可以发挥全部潜力，而我们的老龄化人口可以很好地老化。”

* This article was corrected on February 19, 2021, to clarify that the Lancet Global Health report builds on the WHO’s 2019 World Report on Vision, not the VISION 2020 report as previously stated.