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05/03/19

大规模药物治疗与疟疾了ctive

malaria lab-main
Lab workers in Cambodia test blood samples for malaria Copyright: Tim Dirven, Panos

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  • 恶性疟疾是蚊子疾病最危险的形式
  • 在湄公河地区，疟疾寄生虫对青蒿素具有抗药性
  • Mass administration of drug combinations can reduce transmission of malaria

By:Sanjeet Bagcchi

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[新德里]医学研究人员说，大规模的组合药物可以阻止由Plasmodium falciparum寄生虫和减少东南亚国家的患病率，在这种国家中，这种疾病对标准药物的阿temisinin的抵抗阻碍了消除努力。

According toWHO, globally, there were 219 million cases ofmalariain 2017, which resulted in435,000 deaths。P. falciparumaccounted for 97 per cent of the deaths in Africa, 71.9 per cent for both the Western Pacific and the Eastern Mediterranean, and 62.8 per cent in South-East Asia.

Elimination of malaria in a defined geographical area depends on the interruption of local transmission (reduction to zero incidence ofindigenouscases) of a specified malaria parasite species, says WHO.

“这(恶性)是最危险的alaria; in the Greater Mekong sub-region, it is becoming resistant to many types of anti-malarial drugs”

Roland Gosling, University of California

Lorenz Von Seidlein, lead researcher at theMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, tellsSciDev.Netthat massdrugadministration (MDA) as “presumptive treatment” (to clear the parasite reservoir) was carried out on 8,445 people in eight villages spread across Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam as part of astudy。The result was published February in the journalPLoS Medicine.

By the third month of administrating the anti-malaria drugs dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and low-dose primaquine, the prevalence ofP. falciparum在执行MDA的村庄中，下降了92％。Over the subsequent nine months,P. falciparuminfections returned but stayed well below baseline levels, the study said.

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistantP. falciparumin the Greater Mekong sub-region threatens global malaria elimination efforts. MDA, the presumptive antimalarial treatment of an entire population to clear the subclinical parasite reservoir, is a strategy to accelerate malaria elimination,” Seidlein and colleagues said in the journal.

According to Seidlein, using MDA against malaria is not a new strategy and has been around for 100 years. “But it requires the administration of relatively large amounts of antimalarial drugs; [additionally,] considerable resources go into community engagement.”

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Roland Goslingwho leads the malaria elimination group at the加利福尼亚大学, where he is associate professor of epidemiology and biostatistics, says that the idea of MDA is to be very active against malaria for a short time. “Even if it costs more, it can save money in the future by stopping drug-resistant malaria spreading elsewhere in the world.

“这(恶性)是最危险的alaria; in the Greater Mekong sub-region, it is becoming resistant to many types of antimalarial drugs,” Gosling says. “A good investment, in my mind.”

“这(恶性)是最危险的alaria; in the Greater Mekong sub-region, it is becoming resistant to many types of anti-malarial drugs,” Gosling says. “A good investment, in my mind.”

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