Humanitarian spending plummets as UK, Saudis make cuts

新研究表明，尽管由于199至2020年，国际人道主义支出在2019年至2020年之间下跌了2.84亿美元，尽管由于19号大流行，但前所未有。

以数据为重点的国际发展组织开发计划发布的数字显示，英国政府负责最大的削减，使人道主义支出减少了9亿美元。

该报告说，这一偏移增加了其他主要捐助国家的支出，包括德国，这使捐款提高了27％。

“The poorest people are increasingly concentrated in countries where there are a whole range of intersecting vulnerabilities.”

Angus Urquhart, Development Initiatives

这全球人道主义援助报告2021estimates that, in 2020, 243.8 million people in 75 countries were in need of humanitarian assistance — an increase of 19 million people and 10 more countries than in the previous year.

该报告的合着者安格斯·厄克特（Angus Urquhart）说：“有更多的援助，其中一些仅针对Covid-19的需求。这笔钱比以前的几年相比，这一笔钱已被进一步延伸和更宽。这是一个在大流行之前已经非常紧张的系统之上。”

该报告得出的结论是，全球人道主义支出的1.2％的减少主要是由于英国的贡献减少了31％，而沙特阿拉伯将贡献降低了53％。

在世界上五个最大的捐助者中，英国是唯一一个宣布减少人道主义援助的国家，将资金从30亿美元削减到21亿美元。其他四个顶级捐助者 - 美国（88亿美元），德国（37亿美元），荷兰（10亿美元）和瑞典（9亿美元） - 增加了人道主义支出。

资金重定向

Despite many other crises being compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, Development Initiatives found that billions of dollars in funding have been diverted from existing needs.

非协调的上诉从2019年的36个增加到2020年的55-17个仅是为了解决大流行的需求而创建的。这些上诉中的许多人未能达到其资金目标，导致188亿美元的缺口，这是有记录中最大的。

总的来说,也门是受灾最严重的下降international aid, seeing a 46 per cent decrease in funding between 2019 and 2020, according to the report. It says the country was previously the world’s largest recipient of humanitarian aid and more than 24.2 million people are still in crisis as a result of the ongoing conflict.

Urquhart believes that record levels of humanitarian need cannot be met with the current system which is beset by persistent underfunding and inefficiency. He says the COVID-19 pandemic has compounded these weaknesses and may result in countries entering a period of protracted crisis.

In 2020, 10 new countries faced humanitarian crises, according to the report, which warns that some of these countries will be ill-equipped to respond adequately.

厄克哈特补充说：“您需要获得更多的发展援助，以及对这些特别脆弱的国家的人道主义援助。”“因为除非发生这种情况，否则您将陷入这个危机周期，人们将无法从人道主义需求中消除。这只是对人道主义制度的压力越来越多。”

Development Initiatives reports that 34 countries are currently experiencing protracted crisis. The cycle of crisis can be seen in the low average single-dose vaccination rate in these countries — 2.4 per cent, compared to an average of 12.5 per cent in other developing countries.

风化冲击

在2010年至2020年之间，生活在极端贫困中的人数减少了53％。该报告说，然而，脆弱状态中极端贫困的人群的比例增加了。

“The poorest people are increasingly concentrated in countries where there are a whole range of intersecting vulnerabilities,” said Urquhart. These populations have reduced resilience. So when a shock hits — whether it’s political, economic or environmental — their ability to cope with or respond to the impact is reduced.

该报告说，Covid-19的大流行已加强了长期韧性建立的需求，以帮助各国承受未来的冲击，例如气候变化的影响。

但是，英国科学家说，削减英国研究与创新（UKRI）预算正在影响数百个旨在这样做的项目。

Jenni Barclay is a professor of volcanology at the University of East Anglia in the UK who works on ways to mitigate volcanic risks. She said: “I’m unsurprised that there has been such a strong recorded impact from the choices made with the British development budget. This is something that we’re seeing across the UKRI-funded projects which have been so badly affected.

“这是一个事实，即这些事情是相互联系的，您不能突然停止开发过程或研究过程，并期望不会产生后果。”