08/05/19

研究发现,气候现在最大的移民驱动力

移民- main
Family migrating in West Africa. Copyright: Image byMAMADOU TRAOREPixabay

速度阅读

  • 气候变化has become leading cause of migration, study finds
  • 模型查看了从198个国家到16个目的地的数据
  • 移民increased after floods and extreme temperature events

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The effects of climate change, including floods and extreme temperatures, have become more important push factors in移民根据一项全球研究,比经济不平等或冲突。

The study由新西兰奥塔哥大学的一个团队承担,研究了1980年至2015年之间从198个原产国到经济合作与发展组织(OECD)16个成员国的移民数据。

研究人员开发了一个模型来了解迁移的原因,分为气候变化,经济表现和政治冲突。

“Both developed and at-risk countries need more planning and policy to prepare for what is likely to be a growing trend of people wanting to move,”

奥塔哥商学院经济学家丹尼斯·韦塞尔鲍姆(Dennis Wesselbaum)

该模型表明,温度上升和越来越多的与天气有关的disastersnow cause more migration than lack of income or political freedom.

起源国的温度每增加10%,导致从该国到16个目的地国家(包括澳大利亚,意大利,西班牙和德国)的迁移增加了3%。

该研究于上个月发表在《期刊》上Global and Planetary Change, also found that this migration happens in stages.

Dennis Wesselbaum, the lead researcher and an economist at the Otago Business School, explains that migration actually decreased for around five years after a temperature anomaly, before increasing for the next 20 years.

韦塞尔鲍姆告诉韦塞尔鲍姆说:“一个解释是,人们搬到了更远的地方,必须节省更多的钱来为迁移成本提供资金,或者[或]确定温度冲击需要时间。”SciDev.Net.

英国东安格利亚大学地理和国际发展高级讲师拉亚·穆塔拉克(Raya Muttarak)认为,明显延迟的另一个原因是人们首先尝试“原位适应”。

“如果您在第一年遇到气候冲击,您会尝试应对不同的方法,例如种植不同的农作物,换工作,借钱,”没有参与研究的Muttarak说。“您可能不是想立即移动。”

The researchers found that global temperatures increased by an average of 0.8 degrees Celsius in the study period. They counted 100 weather-related disasters in 1980, but by 2015 this number had risen to 300 a year.

大约2.44亿人口(占世界人口的2.8%)是classed as migrants in 2015由联合国。但是,联合国曾表示,它不会将气候移民定义为难民,这一地位具有更多的国际支持,理由是对逃离暴力冲突的人浇水支持计划的担忧。

联合国气候变化机构UNFCC的报告,去年发现在全球范围内,国家在很大程度上无法充分处理气候移民。

“Recognising the causal factors behind this forced migration would require政府to apportion responsibility, both for the initial migration and for the solutions to it,” said Steve Trent, director of the Environmental Justice Foundation, which lobbies onenvironmental全球南方的问题。“在许多国家,这在政治上是有毒的,并且在没有关于共同行动和协调行动的国际同意的情况下,在政治上很难处理。”

但是,韦塞尔鲍姆(Wesselbaum)有信心,该问题将“迟早或迟到”,并补充说,他的研究结果对人们如何应对气候冲击有了更细微的了解。

气候迁移模型表明,在暴风雨和干旱之后,迁移保持稳定,但在洪水和极端温度事件后大幅增加。

“Both developed and at-risk countries need more planning and policy to prepare for what is likely to be a growing trend of people wanting to move,” Wesselbaum added.

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Global edition.