Big business, poverty, autocracy ‘hinder health policy’

根据商业影响，世界上最贫穷的国家未能实施有关烟草，酒精和不健康食品的公共卫生政策。The Lancet Global Health。

全球的ly, tobacco leads to more than 7.2 million deaths each year, WHO figures show. More than half of the 3.3 million deaths that occur each year as a result of alcohol use are from疾病例如，癌症，尽管过量的盐或钠摄入量导致每年410万人死亡。healthbody.

These so-called non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people annually across the world, according to theWHO，在全球NCD死亡人数超过四分之三（3140万）中，低收入和中等收入国家的人们不成比例地影响。

Policyimplementation is inadequate particularly in countries that are poor and less democratic and those that face strong corporate influences as a result of corruption or political favouritism, according to researchers.

伦敦卫生与热带医学学院（LSHTM），瑞典的Karolinska Institutet和土耳其的Bilkent University的研究人员评估了WHO在2015年，2017年和2020年发布的194个国家 /地区推荐的194个国家 /地区推荐的NCD政策。

They found that, in 2020, countries across the globe could fully implement only a third of the政策，其中包括提高烟草税，限制对酒精的广告，用盐，脂肪和糖减少的食品以及为糖尿病和高血压提供治疗。

LSHTM的研究人员卢克·艾伦（Luke Allen）说：“我们的研究表明，这些挽救生命政策的实施在世界上最贫穷的国家中往往是最低的。”

“Our study shows that implementation of these life-saving policies tends to be lowest in the world’s poorest countries.”

LSHTM卢克·艾伦,研究员

According to Allen, developing countries also tend to have weaker democracies and greater exposure to “corporate permeation”, or influence. “We know these factors are associated with weaker policymaking for chronic diseases,” he added.

该研究说，对于与酒精，烟草和不健康食品有关的政策，实施最低。低收入和较少民主国家的政策实施最低。

研究人员发现，在2020年，NCD政策实施在包括赤道几内亚在内的国家中，只有一项政策被部分实施，几内亚·比索（几内亚·比索（两项政策）（部分实施）和塞拉利昂（两项政策部分实施）。

印度加尔各答阿波罗癌症中心顾问外科肿瘤学家Suvadip Chakrabarti告诉scidev.net在发展中国家，尤其是印度，关于酒精和烟草广告的法律薄弱。

“India is the third largest producer and second largest consumer of tobacco products,” Chakrabarti said. “At the same time we have attained the number one position [in terms of] tobacco-related cancers worldwide.”

该研究强调了公司对各个国家中NCD政策实施的影响的影响。根据研究人员的说法，“ [公司]影响着将其深深地嵌入社会结构的国家的决策过程，而不论它们是否实际拥有权力。”

他们说：“民主对NCD政策制定的有益影响只有在企业影响力受到控制的国家中持有。”

scidev.netapproached the UK-based tobacco companyImperial Brands和基于比利时的组织欧洲烟草，，，，via email，，，，以评论，但在发表本文时，没有收到对研究结果的回应。

艾伦认为，鉴于低收入和中等收入国家在肥胖，心脏病发作，中风，癌症，癌症，慢性肺部疾病和糖尿病等条件下正在经历最陡峭的崛起。他说的兴趣正在争夺破坏健康的决策。

德国海德堡全球健康研究所的医师克里斯蒂安·克拉夫（Christian Kraef）告诉scidev.net:“一个重要,underexploited t方法ackling these issues in poorer and less democratic countries is to invest in, support and foster civil society engagement.”

他补充说，许多地区和国家民间社会组织正在研究并倡导更好的NCD政策，例如东非NCD联盟及其成员组织。

According to Chakrabarti, there is a general apathy towards corrective measures around the consumption of tobacco products and alcohol. “We should ban the sale of tobacco-related products in the country [India], but at the same time tobacco industry workers should be rehabilitated,” he added.

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Global desk.