联合国峰会的食品政策斗争

旨在解决的联合国峰会food insecurity已经成为争议和分歧的现场，一群科学家参加了一场平行事件以抗议。

这United Nations食品系统峰会将从今天（星期一）开始三天的“预选”讨论，主要会谈于9月后期开始。

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（AntónioGuterres）在2019年宣布的峰会表示，该峰会旨在促进采取行动可持续发展目标并推动合作来改变世界的产生，消费和思考食物的方式。

它遵循一个多机构联合国报告earlier this month, which found that millions more people from the world’s most vulnerable communities have been pushed towards acute food insecurity as a result of COVID-19, existing conflicts and climate change.

这summit will involve UN agencies, governments and non-government organisations, while the advisory committee includes members of major food security and nutrition organisations.

However, over 300 global civil society organisations of small-scale food producers, researchers and indigenous communities will boycott the three-day event, instead holdinga tandem, alternative pre-summit昨天（星期日）开始。

这y say the UN event has been “deeply compromised by a top-down exclusion of many food systems actors and an impoverished view of whose food system knowledge matters”.

这些团体担心科学小组的构成，该小组在为联合国峰会设定议程方面起着重要作用。

这科学小组根据联合国的说法，由德国经济学家约阿希姆·冯·布劳恩（Joachim von Braun）主持，以确保“支撑峰会及其成果的科学的稳健性，广度和独立性”。

但是briefing noteon the governance of food systems, the well-respected independent International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food) said the group was “imbalanced in its composition and biased in its perspectives and sources of knowledge” and said the selection process for members was unclear.

简报说明的作者包括联合国世界粮食安全委员会（CFS）的科学政策界面（CFS）的科学政策界面，现任和前任粮食安全和营养专家小组的成员。

这CFS这是一个政府间平台，成立于1974年，于2009年进行了改革。它在罗马举行了年度全体会议。

Nine members of the UN summit scientific group have backgrounds in economics, which IPES-Food says indicates a lack of scientific diversity.

‘Arbiter of science’

scidev.net要求多少近30 mem的细节bers of the group were indigenous, from a youth or producer organisation, civil society or the private sector. Yet in a 1,200-word emailed statement toscidev.net，，，，summit deputy to the Special Envoy Martin Frick did not supply this information, instead saying that members were drawn from universities, publicly funded research institutes, multilateral bodies and regulators.

弗里克说，科学小组是由联合国秘书长任命的，在准备过程中与科学家和专家网络互动。他说：“全世界的科学家继续被邀请向科学小组提交研究论文和发现。”

根据IPES食品的说法，科学小组的构成是一个主要问题，因为“科学团体领导力实际上是涉及食品系统峰会科学的仲裁者”。

Summit Special Envoy Agnes Kalibata, president of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, has said the summit is seeking systemic transformation of food systems. Science has been flagged as a key pillar of this food system transformation.

食品政策论点集中在正在引入讨论的特定科学领域。

粮食系统既复杂又庞大，并且关于如何管理它们的观点与世界的农业社区一样多样化。批评家说，首脑会议的重点是技术驱动的农业方法，并排除了小型农民等食品系统中的关键参与者。

在一个series of recommendations对于峰会组织者来说，联合国食品权特别报告员迈克尔·法克里（Michael Fakhri）认为，峰会以“可持续的强化农业”观点为主，以更加生态的观点为代价。beplay下载官网西西软件

Fakhri说：“可持续的密集农业认识到应对粮beplay下载官网西西软件食生产的社会和生态方面的重要性，但作为减少和消除密集农业的有害影响的努力的一部分。”“尽管农业生态学是一种致力于避免共同效果的做法。”

一个请愿，，，，signed by more than 150 scientists who support the approach of agroecology, where ecological concepts are combined with farming techniques, calls on researchers to boycott the summit.

“As scientists who work in agriculture and food, we call on our colleagues and collaborators to take a moment to ask: whose knowledge matters in shaping global food policy?” the petition text says.

However, Frick disputes this, saying: “The scientific group does not only consider scientific work but also brings in traditional and indigenous knowledge.”

“公司捕获”

反对团体引起了人们对峰会进程的“企业捕获”的担忧，组织者也否认了这一点。

这scientists’ petition argues the outcomes of the summit have been “largely predetermined” by powerful agribusiness advocates, and say it overlooks the science and contributions of both agroecology and the existingCivil Society and Indigenous Peoples Mechanism- 向联合国世界粮食安全委员会提供建议的参与组织。

公民社会和土著人民机制联络小组协调平行峰会的成员诺拉·麦基恩（Nora McKeon）告诉scidev.net：“我们不仅在抗议粮食系统峰会，实际上，我们正在抗议公司捕获食品系统和粮食治理。

“我们以我们对食品系统应该是什么样子以及它们确实是什么样的愿景来做到这一点，”粮农组织的前麦昆说。

“我们不断提出的观点之一是，我们不是另类的，而是工业农业和全球供应链是替代的。beplay下载官网西西软件我们是养活世界的人。”

但是，弗里克捍卫了事件的包容性。

“No business, large or small, nor the World Economic Forum has a leadership or decision-making role in the summit,” he said.

“Inclusivity is at the heart of the summit, and its preparations have been structured in a highly decentralised way to ensure everyone around the world can participate.”