28/09/15

可持续发展科学需要南南的合作

秘书长Ban Ki-Moon
Copyright: Flickr/UN Photo/Mark Garten

速度阅读

  • 贫穷国家仅生产2%的可持续性科学出版物
  • Collaborations are dominated by rich countries with few South-South links
  • To improve, poor nations need more stable policies and better communicated science

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我们的报告表明,关于可持续性的研究主要由一些富裕国家组成,并且缺乏南南联系。

Fifteen years ago, the global effort reflected in the Millennium Development Goals raised hopes for a more sustainable future – as well as doubts and controversies about the value of those goals.

上周(9月25日至27日),已确认有150多名政府代表参加了在纽约举行的联合国峰会,他们有望通过17个可持续发展目标,以接替MDGS作为2015年后发展议程的一部分。

一个大问题是:什么是role of science, technology and innovation in this global agenda?本周在纽约推出的Elsevier生产的Scidev.net报告旨在提供一些线索。

不断发展的可持续发展科学


那个报告,Sustainability Science in a Global Landscape,,,,is based primarily on bibliometric analysis of Scopus — Elsevier’s abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, which covers 57 million documents published by 5000 publishers in about 22,000 journals, book series and conference proceedings. It is also based on interviews with experts in the field.

“Science capacity in low- and middle-income countries is still built like a sandcastle, without solid foundation.”

路易莎·马萨拉尼(Luisa Massarani),,,,scidev.net


该报告检查了sustainability science (defined as “research that supports and drives sustainable development”), and covers six research themes: Dignity, People, Prosperity, Planet, Justice, and Partnership.
我们的分析表明,可持续性科学占全球出版物的3%。该领域的总研究产出从2009年的56,390篇论文增加到2013年的75,602,每年增长率为7.6%,几乎是同期所有出版物的平均增长率的两倍。

这里的一个重要问题 - 不在报告的范围之内 - 这本科学已转化为有利于社会的具体行动。

We know that there is a time lag between the production of research and its practical application. But given that policymakers have designed a 15-year sustainable development agenda, we need to create tools so every few years we can monitor the impact that the science feeding into that agenda will have on society.

我们的报告还发现,在2009年至2013年之间,只有五个国家(美国,英国,中国,德国和澳大利亚)约占研究产出的64%。中国的增长率最高:中国出版物的数量更多在此期间增加了一倍。

Approximately three quarters of publications in sustainability science were produced by high-income countries. Low income countries, which potentially stand to benefit from it the most, account for only 2 per cent of the publications in this field.


Collaborative science

我们还发现,可持续性科学的研究是高度合作的 - 这对2015年后议程很重要。在一个序言中本月初发布的报告,他写道:“实现可持续发展目标将需要更强大的全球合作伙伴关系,并由多方利益相关者的合作伙伴关系进行补充,以动员和分享知识,专业知识,,技术和财政资源。”

“我们对发达国家科学的了解更多,而不是在发展中国家。”

路易莎·马萨拉尼(Luisa Massarani),,,,scidev.net

美国,英国和德国等国家一直在增加其在可持续性科学方面的合作。但是,该领域的大多数合作发生在高收入和上层收入国家的研究人员之间 - 根据报告,发达国家和发展中国家之间的合作仍然很低。

For researchers from developing countries, collaborative publications with colleagues from developed countries contribute to a large percentage of their research output in the field. This suggests the importance of these types of collaborations as one way to strengthen research capacity in the developing world.

该报告特别突出了非洲国家与北美和西欧等研究密集型地区之间的牢固联系。

这项协作工作中有多少遵循agendas and priorities of poor countries该报告为进一步的研究打开了另一个问题。


South-South collaboration

在本月初的联合国与南南合作的讯息中,Ban Ki-Moon呼吁加速势头of development across the global South.

However, there is a long way to go before there is effective research collaboration.

我们的报告强调了低收入国家在可持续发展科学领域的合作有限。我认为缺乏良好的基础设施以及人力和财政资源是部分责任的。缺乏稳定的长期研究政策是另一个重要原因。

一个象征和悲伤的例子来自我自己的国家巴西。该报告将巴西在可持续性研究生产中排名前15位。但是就在这个月,科学界听到政治家打算将科学,技术和创新部与教育部合并。有传言称,主要科学局(CNPQ,全国研发理事会)可以与另一家机构合并(Capes,改善高等教育的协调)。

巴西科学是否会在这种“科学地震”中生存。但是这些变化证明了以下事实:低收入和中等收入国家的科学能力仍然像沙堡一样建立,没有坚实的基础。这些国家在基础知识上挣扎,并不总是能够加入国际合作。

This highlights the role of science communication, and in particular the mass media, for improving South-South collaboration. We know so much more about science in the developed world than in the developing world. If we want science to be at the heart of development — and we do — sustainable science needs to be visible in and across different parts of the world.

路易莎·马萨拉尼(Luisa Massarani)是scidev.netfor Latin America and the Caribbean.