10/11/21

COP26: Rich nations ‘resisting paying for climate loss’

COP26_FloodingClimate
这个被淹没的社区的居民在2019年在莫桑比克的飓风造成的洪水之后,避难了建筑物的屋顶。版权所有:世界观,(CC由2.0).

Speed read

  • Climate-impacted countries urge more support for ‘loss and damage’
  • Advocates say the issue has been shunned at COP26 climate summit
  • 苏格兰是唯一承诺弥补气候损失的国家

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Urgent steps must be taken to change the “toxic” tone of negotiations relating to the irreversible impacts of气候变化, science and civil society leaders have told political leaders at COP26.

Delegates say wealthy countries have been digging in their heels against calls from climate-impacted countries for financial support to both avoid and address loss and damage.

The term ‘loss and damage’ relates to irreversible climate change impacts that can no longer be adapted to or mitigated against, usually associated with extreme weather events such as floods, droughts and wildfires.

“Unfortunately, negotiations get stuck in toxic issues of liability and compensation. We need to think about humanity. That’s what we’re asking for here and we’re not getting much in return.”

Saleemul Huq, director, International Centre for Climate Change and Development, Bangladesh

Non-governmentclimate leaders have said that climate finance, particularly for loss and damage, is among the most important issues for developing countries to be discussed at the climate summit.

但是有人说,解决问题的空间受到限制,损失和损害对话被推到场外。

Hundreds of people crowded the halls within the COP26 Blue Zone on Monday in an effort to join a loss and damage meeting hosted by the COP presidency and the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, but many were turned away when the room reached capacity.

孟加拉国国际气候变化与发展中心(ICCCAD)主任Saleemul Huq说,损失和损害谈判要吸引谈判者的心脏和人类。

Huq在总统会议上说:“不幸的是,谈判陷入了责任和赔偿的有毒问题。”“我们需要考虑人类。这就是我们在这里要求的,我们并没有得到很多回报。”

Scotland’s government last week pledged £1 million (US$1.36 million) for loss and damage, supporting a partnership with the US-based Climate Justice Resilience Fund to help communities rebuild from climate-related events.

Prof Saleem Haq

Saleemul Huq在11月8日在格拉斯哥的SEC会议场地COP26举行的COP26的气候弹性未来活动中发表讲话。版权:Justin Goff/UK Government,(CC BY-NC-ND 2.0).

While that figure is small, it could be “the drop that starts the rain”, according to James Bhagwan, general secretary of the Pacific Conference of Churches.

Twelve years ago, at the UN climate summit in Copenhagen, developed countries agreed to mobilise $100 billion a year in climate finance by 2020 – a pledge which has not yet been fulfilled.

Sven Harmeling,全球policyCare International的气候变化和韧性领导者认为,发展中国家被拒绝呼吁讨论损失和损害融资的富裕国家“沉默”。

“We think that is absolutely inappropriate,” Harmeling said. “When the developed countries promised the US$100 billion, that was for adaptation and mitigation. It was at a time – 2009 – when basically no one talked about loss and damage.

“我们还认为,还有一些资金需要解决损失和损失。发达国家不喜欢这个想法,他们也不喜欢单独的财务流。我认为可以整合适应,损失和损害措施的方法,但它们仍然不一样。”

能源和气候智力转移非洲的局长穆罕默德·阿多(Mohamed Adow)表示,损失和损害谈判通常忽略了财务问题,以避免讨论法律责任和赔偿。但是他说,谈判超越了薪酬问题,并且可以提供多种支持,而无需承担责任。

哥伦比亚非营利性气候团体Transforma执行董事玛丽亚·劳拉·罗哈斯·韦勒霍(Maria Laura Rojas Vellejo)表示,可用于损失和损失的财务支持质量至关重要。

“What I mean by quality is, how are the resources that are available for climate finance made available to developing countries?” Rojas Vellejo said. “The problem with this is that many of [the resources] are available in the form of loans, which increases countries’ public debt. This should not be the case.”

她说,这些优惠贷款that have below-market interest rates or longer repayment periods — and grants should be made available, rather than commercial and private loans alone.

At the most recent climate summit, Madrid’s COP25 in 2019, the Santiago Network was established to avert, minimise and address loss and damage by catalysing technical assistance for climate-vulnerable发展中国家。

“到目前为止,[圣地亚哥网络]only been a websitewhere a few organisations have signed up,” said Harmeling. “There’s no secretariat capacity yet, the functions have been very broad. It’s important to make clear the next steps.

“作为一项临时措施,需要有一个明确的秘书处,并提供财政支持。我希望我们能在这位警察结束时解决这个问题。”

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Global desk.

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