25/04/20

保护孕妇在19世纪期间免受疟疾的侵害

pregnant woman at the hospital
版权:CDC Global

Speed read

  • In 2018, 11 million pregnant women were infected by malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Social distancing and other measures could make COVID-19 hamper malaria prevention in pregnant women
  • 非洲政府必须确保大流行期间产前护理不间断

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詹姆斯·蒂本德纳(James Tibenderana)认为,非洲不得允许Covid-19破坏孕妇的疟疾控制。

COVID-19大流行迫使民族governments在世界各地采取他们从未梦想采取的行动。该病毒正在夺走生命,锁定我们的社会,关闭边界并主导全球健康话语。

大流行必须解决,但忘记世界其他最致命的疾病,例如疟疾during this health emergency.

疟疾hasn’t gone away because of COVID-19. We need to ensure that people are protected. Tackling COVID-19 must not hamper the fight against malaria. Also, there is a particular group of people that is at considerable risk for both malaria and COVID-19: pregnant women.

In 2018, the世界卫生组织(WHO)非洲地区仅在全球估计的2.28亿疟疾病例中,就有93%。其中,撒哈拉以南非洲的1100万孕妇感染了疟疾,造成了872,000名出生重量低,10,000例产妇死亡和100,000名新生儿死亡的儿童。[1]

“Africa has a brief window of opportunity to prepare properly and protect pregnant women from both COVID-19 and malaria simultaneously.”

詹姆斯·蒂本德纳(James Tibenderana),疟疾财团

Severe anaemia怀孕和低出生体重分别促进母亲和新生儿死亡。19009年大流行期间怀孕期间的疟疾是一个巨大的问题,只能通过适当的关注和行动来解决。[2,3]

当我们今天以这个主题为主题的世界疟疾天(零疟疾)始于我 - 在持续的COVID-19大流行中,确保孕妇获得零疟疾的必要性对于非洲政府来说,这是所有人的责任。

Protecting pregnant women


非洲COVID-19尚未淹没在同一个佤邦y it has affected Europe, Asia and North America. As of 23 April, there were 16,829 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 748 deaths across Africa whereas the WHO European region had 1,251,458 confirmed cases and 113,336 deaths, with the WHO’s South-East Asia region having 36,039 confirmed cases and 1,498 deaths, according to theWHO[4]

非洲有一个短暂的机会窗口,可以同时准备正确准备并保护孕妇免受Covid-19和疟疾的侵害。

Every country needs to designate antenatal care as an essentialhealth服务不会被锁定和物理距离所打断的服务。所有孕妇都应获得安全,有效和不间断的产前护理。

需要采取足够的安全措施来保护产前诊所的孕妇和医务人员。必须向工作人员提供个人防护设备,必须安装洗手台,并且需要更频繁的产前护理诊所才能实现身体距离的执行。

根据其医疗问题和测试的严重性,应在诊所外进行对怀孕的门诊患者进行分组,而那些对COVID-19的测试呈阳性,与其他准妈妈分开。对疟疾和Covid-19的测试对于保护孕妇和提供所需的护理至关重要。

“机会之窗现在已经开放,但不久之后,Covid-19击中了非洲。”

詹姆斯·蒂本德纳(James Tibenderana),疟疾财团

Where lockdowns are imposed, pregnant women must still be allowed to attend antenatal appointments – and when they are unable to attend, midwives should be allowed to hold outreaches that bring services close to the expectant mothers’ homes.

治疗和网


预防治疗颧骨的可用性ia in pregnancy – specifically sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) – needs to be prioritised during the pandemic, with all pregnant women given access to this treatment when they visit the antenatal clinic. Before the pandemic hit, only an estimated 31 per cent of pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa were receiving the WHO-recommended minimum three doses of preventive treatment, according toWorld malaria report 2019。Without swift intervention, this number will drop even further during the COVID-19 outbreak, putting thousands of lives at risk.[1]

很少有孕妇接受预防医学,以保护自己和婴儿免受疟疾的侵害。为什么包括SP的库存,缺乏更新的记录表格,错误信息的传播以及对产前诊所发生的情况的不确定性的一些原因。需要进行运营研究以找出为什么这个数字如此之低。大流行只会加剧这种情况。

As the focus and funding shifts away from malaria and towards COVID-19, it is likely that研究与开发on alternative medicines for preventing malaria in pregnant women in order to reduce the reliance on SP will grind to a halt. This is a serious concern, especially because potential resistance of malaria parasites to SP will not make this drug remain effective forever. We need new, fast solutions, and the pandemic cannot be allowed to delay this life-saving work.

在怀孕中与疟疾作斗争的另一个关键工具是持久的杀虫网。疟疾中流行国家的每个孕妇每天晚上都需要睡觉。在大流行期间,必须加强这种做法,并且在全国范围内的封锁期间,必须继续将网络分配给弱势群体。

传播消息


当政府正在向他们的人民教育如何保护自己和家人免于19岁messagemust come through loud and clear that routine preventive care – including antenatal care – for malaria will continue as normal.

必须在整个卫生系统中维持关键的疟疾信息,并且必须向妇女本身和家人清楚地表明孕妇对疟疾和Covid-19的脆弱性。应敦促孕妇每天晚上在经过杀虫剂治疗的网络下睡觉,并建议如果他们开始表现出COVID-19或疟疾症状,他们就会寻求帮助。他们的家人和朋友也必须扮演自己的角色,并遵守《共证指南》,以帮助保护孕妇免受病毒的侵害。

现在是行动了


国家政府迅速对19日的行动是正确的举动,但速度并不是这里唯一的必要。各国政府需要咨询其国家的所有级别的卫生系统,并与社区建立联系,以确保锁定和其他COVID-19的预防措施是细微的,具体的。毯子上的移动锁定将妨碍反马拉里亚的努力,并使人们处于危险之中。孕妇需要继续访问产前诊所,社区卫生工作者仍然需要诊断和治疗疟疾。

机会之窗现在就开放了,但可能不久之后,Covid-19击中非洲。如果我们现在采取行动,我们可以挽救孕妇及其婴儿的无数生命。

詹姆斯·蒂本德纳(James Tibenderana)is Global Technical Director at Malaria Consortium.He can be reached atj.tibenderana@malariaconsortium.org

这件作品由Scidev.net的撒哈拉以南非洲英语桌子制作。

References

[1]World malaria report 2019((WHO, 2019)
[2]海伦·盖特(Helen L.
[3] Meghna Desai and othersEpidemiology and burden of malaria in pregnancy((Lancet Infectious Disease,2007年2月1日)
[4]Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report –94(WHO,2020年4月23日)