委内瑞拉：科学“流血”威胁着研究的未来

[LIMA] The talent drain in Venezuela is seriously affecting science,technologyand研究在该国，专家警告说，没有批判的研究人员和科学家，如果没有国际，这将难以恢复cooperation。

Moreover, it stymies future generations of scientists, said specialists who shared figures and testimonies at a series of meetings and academic talks in the Peruvian capital between 25 February and 6 March.

根据联合国难民局的说法，自2015年以来，超过300万人逃离了委内瑞拉，这是由于经济恶化和贫困越来越高的贫困而驱动的。

据调查在生活条件(ENCOVI 2017) – produced by the Andrés Bello Catholic University, the Central University of Venezuela and the Simón Bolívar University of Venezuela – poverty soared from 48.4 per cent in 2014 to 87 per cent in 2017, with 61.2 per cent of homes in extreme poverty.

The exact size of the scientific diaspora is hard to establish but engineering – especially petroleum and hydrocarbons – and careers related to health and education have been hardest hit, evidence presented in Lima suggests. It also showed that Venezuelan migrants have a high level of academic training.

“There is a large volume of graduates in different subjects, as well as people with masters and, to a lesser extent, PhD’s,” concludes the book委内瑞拉出埃及：在流放和移民之间该研究研究了在拉丁美洲国家进行的十项研究，委内瑞拉移民占有最大的份额。

“If there are no students, there is no research or production of knowledge,”

José Koechlin, Antonio Ruíz de Montoya Jesuit University

Chile, Uruguay, Argentina and Spain have the highest percentages of highly qualified Venezuelan migrants, according to the book, edited by the Antonio Ruíz de Montoya Jesuit University (UARM) of Peru, under the auspices of the International Organization for Migration and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation.

这本书是在利马举行的会议的催化剂，该会议汇集了50多名学者和研究人员。

In Chile, 64 per cent of the 85,461 Venezuelan residents registered up to 2017 had an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, the book states. This contrasts with other migrant groups, where the figure is 32 per cent.

The ENCOVI 2017 survey also points to the failure of the system to capture new talent in Venezuela.

Between 2016 and 2017, the uptake of highereducationdropped from 48 to 38 per cent. In this period, 2,546 million young people aged 18 to 24 stopped attending classes and only 426,000 – from a pool of more than 4 million – completed their professional training.

UARM教授兼书的编辑之一JoséKoechlin告诉scidev.net：：“如果没有学生，就没有研究或生产知识。这告诉您人才危机的严重性：它不再具有繁荣的条件；rather, under current conditions, it is no longer possible to produce knowledge.”

He says a “return policy” will eventually be needed to allow university professors and other professionals who left to be reinserted into the sector.
Meanwhile, the rest of the region faces the task of integrating migrants into the workforce.

“The normalization of the migratory situation forces many professionals to work in other fields, even at a lower level. I know pediatricians who work taking care of children in a house, or engineers working as waiters,” says Stella Spattaro, a former teacher at Venezuela’sUniversidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertadorwho emigrated to Lima.

她说，委内瑞拉的课堂上的本科生数量从她离开前的30到四个下降到30到4。

有些国家，例如阿根廷，几乎立即认可文凭和学位，但是在秘鲁移民等其他国家，官僚机构将面临漫长的官僚程序，有时还会在其领域继续进行额外的培训。

“This crisis has shown that integration at a professional educational level does not work; that a professional cannot go to another country to develop with dignity,” says Koechlin.

“There is very fast integration in business terms, with many incentives for monetary capital, but that does not exist with human capital. We require a genuine integration and a South American educational space, as there is in Europe, to create a scientific mass of exchange, of help, of response,” he adds.